ᴮˡᵉˢˢᵉᵈ ᴳʳⁱᵐᵒᵃˡᵈᵒ ᵈᵉˡˡᵃ ᴾᵘʳⁱᶠⁱᶜᵃᶻⁱᵒⁿᵉ ᶠᵉʳᵈⁱⁿᵃⁿᵈᵒ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ᴮᴵᴿᵀᴴ ⁴ ᴹᵃʸ ¹⁸⁸³ ᴾᵒⁿᵗᵉᶜᵒʳᵛᵒ⸴ ᴾʳᵒᵛⁱⁿᶜⁱᵃ ᵈⁱ ᶠʳᵒˢⁱⁿᵒⁿᵉ⸴ ᴸᵃᶻⁱᵒ⸴ ᴵᵗᵃˡʸ ᴰᴱᴬᵀᴴ ¹⁸ ᴺᵒᵛ ¹⁹⁰² ⁽ᵃᵍᵉᵈ ¹⁹⁾ ᶜᵉᶜᶜᵃⁿᵒ⸴ ᴾʳᵒᵛⁱⁿᶜⁱᵃ ᵈⁱ ᶠʳᵒˢⁱⁿᵒⁿᵉ⸴ ᴸᵃᶻⁱᵒ⸴ ᴵᵗᵃˡʸ ᶠᵉʳᵈⁱⁿᵃⁿᵈᵒ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ʷᵃˢ ᵇᵒʳⁿ ᵒⁿ ⁴ ᴹᵃʸ ¹⁸⁸³ ᵃˢ ᵗʰᵉ ᵉˡᵈᵉˢᵗ ᵒᶠ ᶠⁱᵛᵉ ᶜʰⁱˡᵈʳᵉⁿ ᵗᵒ ᴾᵉʳᵒ ᴾᵃᵘˡᵒ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶜᵉᶜⁱˡⁱᵃ ᴿᵘˢᶜⁱᵒ ⁽ᵈ‧¹⁹³³–³⁴⁾; ʰᵉ ʳᵉᶜᵉⁱᵛᵉᵈ ʰⁱˢ ᵇᵃᵖᵗⁱˢᵐ ᵒⁿ ⁵ ᴹᵃʸ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ˡᵒᶜᵃˡ ᵖᵃʳⁱˢʰ ᶜʰᵘʳᶜʰ‧ ᴴⁱˢ ᵖᵃʳᵉⁿᵗˢ ʳᵃⁿ ᵃ ˢᵐᵃˡˡ ʳᵒᵖᵉ⁻ᵐᵃᵏⁱⁿᵍ ᵇᵘˢⁱⁿᵉˢˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵃ ᵖⁱᵒᵘˢ ᶜᵒᵘᵖˡᵉ‧ ᴴᵉ ʳᵉᶜᵉⁱᵛᵉᵈ ʰⁱˢ ᶜᵒⁿᶠⁱʳᵐᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ⁱⁿ ᔆᵉᵖᵗᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ¹⁸⁸³ ᵃᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᴾᵒⁿᵗᵉᶜᵒʳᵛᵒ ᶜᵃᵗʰᵉᵈʳᵃˡ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᶜᵃʳᵈⁱⁿᵃˡ ᴳᵃᵉᵗᵃⁿᵒ ʸᵇᵉʳⁿᵉᵍᵃʳᵃʸ ʷʰⁱᶜʰ ʷᵃˢ ᵘⁿᵘˢᵘᵃˡ ᵃᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ ᵇᵉᶜᵃᵘˢᵉ ʰᵉ ʷᵃˢ ⁿᵒᵗ ᵃᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ᵃᵍᵉ ᶠᵒʳ ᵇᵉⁱⁿᵍ ᶜᵒⁿᶠⁱʳᵐᵉᵈ; ʰᵉ ᵐᵃᵈᵉ ʰⁱˢ ᶠⁱʳˢᵗ ᶜᵒᵐᵐᵘⁿⁱᵒⁿ ᵃᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃᵍᵉ ᵒᶠ ᵉⁱᵍʰᵗ‧ ᴴⁱˢ ᵉᵈᵘᶜᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵇᵉᵍᵃⁿ ⁱⁿ ¹⁸⁹⁰ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶠᵃᵗʰᵉʳ ᴬⁿᵗᵒⁿⁱᵒ ᴿᵒˢᶜⁱᵃ ʷᵃˢ ʰⁱˢ ᵗᵉᵃᶜʰᵉʳ‧ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ᵃˢ ᵃⁿ ᵃˡᵗᵃʳ ˢᵉʳᵛᵉʳ ⁱⁿ ʰⁱˢ ᶜʰⁱˡᵈʰᵒᵒᵈ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃᵍᵉ ᵒᶠ ᵉⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃˢ ᵃ ᵐᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜʰᵘʳᶜʰ ᶜʰᵒⁱʳ ʷʰⁱˡᵉ ᵃˡˢᵒ ᵇᵉⁱⁿᵍ ᵃ ᵐᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᴵᵐᵐᵃᶜᵘˡᵃᵗᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᶜᵉᵖᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᴬˢˢᵒᶜⁱᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ᶠᵃᵗʰᵉʳ ᴿᵒᵐᵃⁿᵒ ˣᵃᵗⁱᵛᵃ⸴ ʳᵃⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃᵍᵉ ᵒᶠ ⁿⁱⁿᵉ‧ ᴼⁿᵉ ⁿᵉⁱᵍʰᵇᵒʳ ᵉᵛᵉⁿ ᵗᵉˢᵗⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ᵒⁿ ᵒⁿᵉ ᵒᶜᶜᵃˢⁱᵒⁿ ʰᵉ ʰᵃᵈ ˢᵉᵉⁿ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ˡⁱᶠᵗᵉᵈ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᵗʰᵉ ᶠˡᵒᵒʳ ʷʰⁱˡᵉ ʰᵉ ʳᵉᶠˡᵉᶜᵗᵉᵈ ⁱⁿ ˢⁱˡᵉⁿᶜᵉ‧ ᴵⁿ ¹⁸⁵⁰ ᵗʰᵉ ᴾᵃˢˢⁱᵒⁿⁱˢᵗˢ ᵗᵒᵒᵏ ᵖᵒˢˢᵉˢˢⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵃ ᶜᵒⁿᵛᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃʳᵉᵃ ᵃⁿᵈ ʰᵉ ˢᵒᵒⁿ ᵇᵉᶜᵃᵐᵉ ᶠᵃᵐⁱˡⁱᵃʳ ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵗʰᵉᵐ ʷʰⁱˡᵉ ᵃᵗᵗᵉᵐᵖᵗⁱⁿᵍ ᵗᵒ ʳᵉᵖˡⁱᶜᵃᵗᵉ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ˡⁱᵛᵉˢ ᵒᶠ ᵖᵉⁿᵃⁿᶜᵉ ⁱⁿᵗᵒ ʰⁱˢ ᵒʷⁿ‧ ᴴⁱˢ ᶠᵃᵗʰᵉʳ ʰᵃᵈ ᵉⁿᶜᵒᵘʳᵃᵍᵉᵈ ʰⁱᵐ ᵗᵒ ᶜᵒⁿᵗⁱⁿᵘᵉ ʷᵒʳᵏⁱⁿᵍ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᵇᵘˢⁱⁿᵉˢˢ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ʰᵉ ʳᵃⁿ ᵗʰᵒᵘᵍʰ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ʰᵃᵈ ᵇᵉᶜᵒᵐᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵛⁱⁿᶜᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ʰᵉ ʷᵃⁿᵗᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ʲᵒⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᴾᵃˢˢⁱᵒⁿⁱˢᵗˢ ʰⁱᵐˢᵉˡᶠ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵃⁿⁿᵒᵘⁿᶜᵉᵈ ᵗʰⁱˢ ᵃᵗ ᵃᵍᵉᵈ ᵗʰⁱʳᵗᵉᵉⁿ ᵈᵉˢᵖⁱᵗᵉ ʰⁱˢ ᶠᵃᵗʰᵉʳ'ˢ ʳᵉˡᵘᶜᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ ᵗᵒ ᵍʳᵃⁿᵗ ʰⁱˢ ˢᵒⁿ ᵃᵖᵖʳᵒᵛᵃˡ‧ ᴮᵘᵗ ʰᵉ ʷᵃˢ ⁿᵒᵗ ᵉᵛᵉⁿ ˢⁱˣᵗᵉᵉⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʰⁱˢ ᵃᵍᵉ ᵖʳᵉᵛᵉⁿᵗᵉᵈ ʰⁱᵐ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᵉⁿᵗᵉʳⁱⁿᵍ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ʳᵃⁿᵏˢ; ʷʰⁱˡᵉ ʰᵉ ʷᵃⁱᵗᵉᵈ ᵘⁿᵗⁱˡ ʰᵉ ʷᵃˢ ᵃᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ʳᵉᑫᵘⁱʳᵉᵈ ᵃᵍᵉ ʰᵉ ᵗᵒᵒᵏ ᵘᵖ ˡᵉˢˢᵒⁿˢ ⁱⁿ ᴸᵃᵗⁱⁿ‧ ᴴᵉ ᵉⁿᵗᵉʳᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᵒʳᵈᵉʳ ᵒⁿ ¹⁵ ᶠᵉᵇʳᵘᵃʳʸ ¹⁸⁹⁹ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵇᵉᵍᵃⁿ ʰⁱˢ ᵖᵉʳⁱᵒᵈ ᵒᶠ ⁿᵒᵛⁱᵗⁱᵃᵗᵉ ᵒⁿ ⁵ ᴹᵃʳᶜʰ ¹⁸⁹⁹ ᵃᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃ ᴹᵃʳⁱᵃ ᵈᵉ ᴼˡⁱᵗᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵛᵉⁿᵗ⸴ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵃˢˢᵘᵐᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ʳᵉˡⁱᵍⁱᵒᵘˢ ⁿᵃᵐᵉ ᵒᶠ "ᴳʳⁱᵐᵒᵃˡᵈᵒ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᴾᵘʳⁱᶠⁱᶜᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ" ᵀʰᵉ ⁿᵒᵛⁱᶜᵉ ʷᵃˢ ᑫᵘⁱᵗᵉ ᵏᵉᵉⁿ ᵗᵒ ᵐᵒᵈᵉˡ ʰⁱˢ ˡⁱᶠᵉ ᵒⁿ ᶠʳᵃⁿᶜᵉˢᶜᵒ ᴾᵒˢˢᵉⁿᵗⁱ‧ ᴴᵉ ᵐᵃᵈᵉ ʰⁱˢ ᵛᵒʷˢ ᵃˢ ᵃ ʳᵉˡⁱᵍⁱᵒᵘˢ ᵒⁿ ⁶ ᴹᵃʳᶜʰ ¹⁹⁰⁰‧ ᴴᵉ ᵇᵉᵍᵃⁿ ʰⁱˢ ˢᵗᵘᵈⁱᵉˢ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗʰᵉ ᵖʳⁱᵉˢᵗʰᵒᵒᵈ ᵃᵗ ᴼʳᵗʰᵉᶻ ʷʰᵉʳᵉ ʰᵉ ᶠᵒᵘⁿᵈ ⁱᵗ ᵈⁱᶠᶠⁱᶜᵘˡᵗ ᵗᵒ ᵃᵈᵒᵖᵗ ᵃ ˢᶜʰᵒˡᵃˢᵗⁱᶜ ᵈⁱˢᶜⁱᵖˡⁱⁿᵉ; ʰᵉ ˢᵒᵒⁿ ᵐᵃⁿᵃᵍᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ᵒᵛᵉʳᶜᵒᵐᵉ ᵗʰⁱˢ ᵇʳⁱᵉᶠ ⁱᵐᵖᵉᵈⁱᵐᵉⁿᵗ‧ ᴼⁿ ³¹ ᴼᶜᵗᵒᵇᵉʳ ¹⁹⁰² ʰᵉ ʷᵃˢ ˢᵗʳᵘᶜᵏ ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵃⁿ ⁱˡˡⁿᵉˢˢ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃᶠᵗᵉʳⁿᵒᵒⁿ ᵃˢ ʰᵉ ʳᵒᵃᵐᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵛᵉⁿᵗ ᵍᵃʳᵈᵉⁿˢ⸴ ʷʰᵉⁿ ʰᵉ ᶠᵉˡᵗ ᵃ ˢᵗᵃᵇᵇⁱⁿᵍ ᵖᵃⁱⁿ ⁱⁿ ʰⁱˢ ʰᵉᵃᵈ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᶻᶻⁱⁿᵉˢˢ; ᵗʰⁱˢ ʷᵃˢ ˡᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵈⁱᵃᵍⁿᵒˢᵉᵈ ⁱⁿ ᴺᵒᵛᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ¹⁹⁰² ᵃˢ ᵃᶜᵘᵗᵉ ᵐᵉⁿⁱⁿᵍⁱᵗⁱˢ‧ ᴴᵉ ʷᵃˢ ᶜᵒⁿᶠⁱⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ʰⁱˢ ᵇᵉᵈ⸴ ᵇᵘᵗ ᵒⁿ ¹ ᴺᵒᵛᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ᵃᵗᵗᵉⁿᵈᵉᵈ ᴹᵃˢˢ‧ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ᵈⁱᵉᵈ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᵐᵉⁿⁱⁿᵍⁱᵗⁱˢ ᵒⁿ ¹⁸ ᴺᵒᵛᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ¹⁹⁰² ᵃᵗ ʰⁱˢ ᶜᵒⁿᵛᵉⁿᵗ‧ ᴼⁿ ʰⁱˢ ᵈᵉᵃᵗʰᵇᵉᵈ ʰᵉ ʰᵃᵈ ᵖʳᵒᵖʰᵉˢⁱᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᵈᵃᵗᵉ ᵒᶠ ʰⁱˢ ᵒʷⁿ ᵈᵉᵃᵗʰ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ᵒᶠ ᶜᵃʳᵈⁱⁿᵃˡ ᴳᵃᵉᵗᵃⁿᵒ ᴬˡᵒⁱˢⁱ ᴹᵃˢᵉˡˡᵃ‧ ᴴⁱˢ ᵐᵒᵗʰᵉʳ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶠᵃᵗʰᵉʳ – ᵃˢ ʷᵉˡˡ ᵃˢ ⁿᵘᵐᵉʳᵒᵘˢ ᵒᵗʰᵉʳˢ – ʳᵉᵖᵒʳᵗᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ʰᵃᵛᵉ ˢᵉᵉⁿ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ᵃᵖᵖᵉᵃʳ ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉᵐ⸴ ʷʰⁱˡˢᵗ ʳᵉˡᵃᵗⁱᵛᵉˢ ˢᵃʷ ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳᵉˢᵗ ⁱⁿ ʰⁱᵐ ᵍʳᵒʷ ᵃᵇʳᵒᵃᵈ ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵃ ᵖᵃʳᵗⁱᶜᵘˡᵃʳ ᵉᵐᵖʰᵃˢⁱˢ ⁱⁿ ᴿᵒᶜʰᵉˢᵗᵉʳ‧ ᴴⁱˢ ʳᵉᵐᵃⁱⁿˢ ʷᵉʳᵉ ˡᵃᵗᵉʳ ʳᵉˡᵒᶜᵃᵗᵉᵈ ⁱⁿ ᴼᶜᵗᵒᵇᵉʳ ¹⁹⁶²‧ ᴴⁱˢ ˢⁱˢᵗᵉʳ ⱽⁱⁿᶜᵉⁿᶻⁱⁿᵃ ᵐᵒᵛᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ᴿᵒᶜʰᵉˢᵗᵉʳ ˢᵒᵐᵉᵗⁱᵐᵉ ᵃᶠᵗᵉʳ ʰⁱˢ ᵈᵉᵃᵗʰ ᵃⁿᵈ ⁱⁿ ¹⁹²⁰ ʰⁱˢ ʷⁱᵈᵒʷᵉᵈ ᵐᵒᵗʰᵉʳ ᵐᵒᵛᵉᵈ ⁱⁿ ʷⁱᵗʰ ʰᵉʳ‧ ᴮᵉᵃᵗⁱᶠⁱᶜᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵀʰᵉ ᵇᵉᵃᵗⁱᶠⁱᶜᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ᵒᵖᵉⁿᵉᵈ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᴮᵃˢᑫᵘᵉ ᶜᵒᵘⁿᵗʳʸ ᵃⁿᵈ ᴾᵒⁿᵗᵉᶜᵒʳᵛᵒ ᵈⁱᵒᶜᵉˢᵉˢ ⁱⁿ ᵃⁿ ⁱⁿᶠᵒʳᵐᵃᵗⁱᵛᵉ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ᶜᵒˡˡᵉᶜᵗᵉᵈ ᵈᵒᶜᵘᵐᵉⁿᵗˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷⁱᵗⁿᵉˢˢ ᵗᵉˢᵗⁱᵐᵒⁿⁱᵉˢ ʳⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵗʰʳᵒᵘᵍʰ ¹⁹⁵⁷⸴ ᵇᵉᶠᵒʳᵉ ᵃˡˡ ᵈᵒᶜᵘᵐᵉⁿᵗˢ ʷᵉʳᵉ ˢᵉᵃˡᵉᵈ ⁱⁿ ᵇᵒˣᵉˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ˢᵉⁿᵗ ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵍʳᵉᵍᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᶠᵒʳ ᴿⁱᵗᵉˢ ⁱⁿ ᴮⁱˡᵇᵃᵒ ᶠᵒʳ ⁱⁿᵛᵉˢᵗⁱᵍᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ; ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵃᵘˢᵉ ʳᵉᵐᵃⁱⁿᵉᵈ ⁱⁿᵃᶜᵗⁱᵛᵉ ᵘⁿᵗⁱˡ ⁵ ᴼᶜᵗᵒᵇᵉʳ ¹⁹⁸⁴ ʷʰᵉⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵍʳᵉᵍᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵃᵘˢᵉˢ ᵒᶠ ᔆᵃⁱⁿᵗˢ ᵛᵃˡⁱᵈᵃᵗᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ‧ ᵀʰᵉ ᵖᵒˢᵗᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ˢᵉⁿᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᴾᵒˢⁱᵗⁱᵒ ᵈᵒˢˢⁱᵉʳ ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜ‧ᶜ‧ᔆ‧ ⁱⁿ ¹⁹⁸⁸ ʷʰⁱˡᵉ ᵗʰᵉᵒˡᵒᵍⁱᵃⁿˢ ᵃᵖᵖʳᵒᵛᵉᵈ ⁱᵗˢ ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗˢ ᵒⁿ ⁹ ᴼᶜᵗᵒᵇᵉʳ ¹⁹⁹⁰ ᵃˢ ᵈⁱᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜ‧ᶜ‧ᔆ‧ ᵗʰᵉᵐˢᵉˡᵛᵉˢ ᵒⁿ ²² ᴶᵃⁿᵘᵃʳʸ ¹⁹⁹¹‧ ᴼⁿ ¹⁴ ᴹᵃʸ ¹⁹⁹¹ ʰᵉ ᵇᵉᶜᵃᵐᵉ ᵗⁱᵗˡᵉᵈ ᵃˢ ⱽᵉⁿᵉʳᵃᵇˡᵉ ᵃᶠᵗᵉʳ ᴴⁱˢ ᴴᵒˡⁱⁿᵉˢˢ ᴾᵒᵖᵉ ᔆᵃⁱⁿᵗ ᴶᵒʰⁿ ᴾᵃᵘˡ ᴵᴵ ᶜᵒⁿᶠⁱʳᵐᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ʰᵃᵈ ˡⁱᵛᵉᵈ ᵃ ᵐᵒᵈᵉˡ ˡⁱᶠᵉ ᵒᶠ ʰᵉʳᵒⁱᶜ ᶜʰʳⁱˢᵗⁱᵃⁿ ᵛⁱʳᵗᵘᵉˢ‧ ᴼⁿᵉ ᵐⁱʳᵃᶜˡᵉ ʳᵉᑫᵘⁱʳᵉᵈ ᵃᵖᵖʳᵒᵛᵃˡ ᶠᵒʳ ʰⁱˢ ᵇᵉᵃᵗⁱᶠⁱᶜᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵒⁿᵉ ˢᵘᶜʰ ᴮᵃˢᑫᵘᵉ ᶜᵃˢᵉ ʷᵃˢ ⁱⁿᵛᵉˢᵗⁱᵍᵃᵗᵉᵈ ᵇᵉᶠᵒʳᵉ ⁱᵗ ʳᵉᶜᵉⁱᵛᵉᵈ ᶜ‧ᶜ‧ᔆ‧ ᵛᵃˡⁱᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒⁿ ²⁰ ᴰᵉᶜᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ¹⁹⁹¹; ᵃ ᵐᵉᵈⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵇᵒᵃʳᵈ ᵃᵖᵖʳᵒᵛᵉᵈ ᵗʰⁱˢ ᵒⁿ ⁷ ᴼᶜᵗᵒᵇᵉʳ ¹⁹⁹³ ᵃˢ ᵈⁱᵈ ᵗʰᵉᵒˡᵒᵍⁱᵃⁿˢ ᵒⁿ ⁴ ᶠᵉᵇʳᵘᵃʳʸ ¹⁹⁹⁴ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜ‧ᶜ‧ᔆ‧ ᵒⁿ ¹² ᴬᵖʳⁱˡ ¹⁹⁹⁴‧ ᴴⁱˢ ᴴᵒˡⁱⁿᵉˢˢ ᴾᵒᵖᵉ ᔆᵃⁱⁿᵗ ᴶᵒʰⁿ ᴾᵃᵘˡ ᴵᴵ ᵃᵖᵖʳᵒᵛᵉᵈ ᵗʰⁱˢ ᶜᵃˢᵉ ᵒⁿ ² ᴶᵘˡʸ ¹⁹⁹⁴ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵇᵉᵃᵗⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ⁱⁿ ᔆᵃⁱⁿᵗ ᴾᵉᵗᵉʳ'ˢ ᔆᑫᵘᵃʳᵉ ᵒⁿ ²⁹ ᴶᵃⁿᵘᵃʳʸ ¹⁹⁹⁵‧ ᴴⁱˢ ᵗʰʳᵉᵉ ⁿⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᴿᵒᶜʰᵉˢᵗᵉʳ – ᴹᵃʳʸ ᴾᵃⁿᵉˡˡᵃ ᴬᵍᵒˢᵗⁱⁿᵉˡˡⁱ⸴ ᴴᵉˡᵉⁿᵉ ᴾᵃⁿᵉˡˡᵃ ᔆᶜʰˡᵉᵍᵉˡ ᵃⁿᵈ ᴵᵈᵃ ᴾᵃⁿᵉˡˡᵃ ᵀᵘʳᵃⁿ⸴ ᵃˢ ʷᵉˡˡ ᵃˢ ᵈᵒᶻᵉⁿˢ ᵒᶠ ᵍʳᵉᵃᵗ ⁿᵉᵖʰᵉʷˢ⸴ ⁿⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᶜʰⁱˡᵈʳᵉⁿ – ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵖʳᵉˢᵉⁿᵗ ᵃᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᵇᵉᵃᵗⁱᶠⁱᶜᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵃˢ ʷᵃˢ ᴺⁱᶜᵒˡᵃ ᴿᵒᵐᵃⁿᵒ ⁽ʷʰᵒ ʷᵃˢ ᶜᵘʳᵉᵈ ᵗʰʳᵒᵘᵍʰ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ'ˢ ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳᶜᵉˢˢⁱᵒⁿ⁾‧ ᵀʰᵉ ᶜᵘʳʳᵉⁿᵗ ᵖᵒˢᵗᵘˡᵃᵗᵒʳ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗʰⁱˢ ᶜᵃᵘˢᵉ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉ ᴾᵃˢˢⁱᵒⁿⁱˢᵗ ᵖʳⁱᵉˢᵗ ᴳⁱᵒᵛᵃⁿⁿⁱ ᶻᵘᵇⁱᵃⁿⁱ‧ ᴹⁱʳᵃᶜˡᵉ ᵀʰᵉ ᵐⁱʳᵃᶜˡᵉ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ˡᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ʰⁱˢ ᵇᵉᵃᵗⁱᶠⁱᶜᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ⁱⁿᵛᵒˡᵛᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜʰⁱˡᵈ ᴺⁱᶜᵒˡᵃ ᴿᵒᵐᵃⁿᵒ ʷʰᵒ ʷᵃˢ ⁱⁿᵛᵒˡᵛᵉᵈ ⁱⁿ ʷʰᵃᵗ ᵐᵃʸ ʰᵃᵛᵉ ᵇᵉᵉⁿ ᵃ ᶠᵃᵗᵃˡ ᵗʳᵃᶜᵗᵒʳ ᵃᶜᶜⁱᵈᵉⁿᵗ; ʰⁱˢ ᶠᵃᵗʰᵉʳ ᵃᵖᵖᵉᵃˡᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ᔆᵃⁿᵗᵃᵐᵃʳⁱᵃ ᵗᵒ ˢᵃᵛᵉ ʰⁱᵐ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈᵒᶜᵗᵒʳˢ ᵇᵉᶜᵃᵐᵉ ᵇᵃᶠᶠˡᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜʰⁱˡᵈ ᵉˢᶜᵃᵖᵉᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃᶜᶜⁱᵈᵉⁿᵗ ʷⁱᵗʰᵒᵘᵗ ᵐᵒʳᵗᵃˡ ⁱⁿʲᵘʳⁱᵉˢ‧

Brittany Byrnes Výška: 1,78 m Brittany Byrnes je herečka, ktorá sa narodila 31.07.1987 (vek 36 rokov) v obci Austrália. Vyštudovala St John Paul II Catholic College. Nominácie: Cena Austrálskeho filmového inštitútu pre najlepšiu hosťujúcu herečku alebo herečku vo vedľajšej úlohe televíznej drámy Herecká filmografia 2006-2009 - H2O - Stačí přidat vodu (Rodinný, Fantasy, Dráma, Dobrodružný) - Charlotte 24 epiz., 2007-2008 2005 - Little Oberon (Dráma) - Natasha Green 2003 - Plavat proti proudu (Dráma, Športovný, Životopisný) - Diane Fingleton 2003 - Morské panny (Fantasy, Krimi, Akčný) - Tess 2001 - Keď sa dobrí démoni stávajú zlými (Rodinný, Fantasy, Komédia) - Dayna 2001 - Escape of the Artful Dodger - Hannah Schuller 13 epiz., 2001 1999-2002 - Pán šelem 1999-2002 (Fantasy, Akčný, Dobrodružný) 1999 - Pán šeliem (Fantasy, Akčný, Dobrodružný) - Muraki 1 epizóda, 2000 1996-2001 - Policajti z prístavu 1996 (Krimi, Akčný, Dráma) - Geena Sadler 2 epiz., 2000 1996-1998 - Mrazivé příběhy 1996 (Komédia, Sci-Fi, Mysteriózny) - Jessie Courtney 1 epizóda, 1996 1995 - Prasiatko Babe (Rodinný, Fantasy, Komédia, Dráma) - Granddaughter

Pontificate Name birth Notes 30 - 64/67 St. Peter PETRUS Simon Peter, Simeon Kephas, Simon The Rock Matthew 16:18-19 . Executed by crucifixion upside-down. Recognized as the first Bishop of Rome (Pope) by the Catholic Church. 64/67(?) - 76/79(?) St. Linus LINUS Linus Tuscia (Central Tuscany) Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June. 76/79(?) - 88 St. Anacletus (Cletus) ANACLETUS Anacletus Probably Greece Martyred; feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus 88/92 - 97 St. Clement I CLEMENS Clement Rome Feast day 23 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November. 97/99 - 105/107 St. Evaristus (Aristus) EVARISTUS Aristus Bethlehem, Judea Feast day 26 October 115/116 St. Alexander I ALEXANDER Alexander Rome Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 16 March. 115/116 - 125 St. Sixtus I XYSTUS Rome or Greece Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August. 125 - 136/138 St. Telesphorus TELESPHORUS Greece 136/138 - 140/142 St. Hyginus HYGINUS Greece 140/142 - 155 St. Pius I PIUS Aquileia, Friuli, Italy Martyred by sword 155 - 166 St. Anicetus ANICETUS Emesa, Syria c.166 - 174/175 St. Soter SOTERIUS Fondi, Latium, Italy 174/175 - 189 St. Eleuterus ELEUTHERIUS Nicopoli, Epyrus 189 - 198/199 St. Victor I VICTOR Northern Africa 199 - 217 St. Zephyrinus (Zephyrin) ZEPHYRINUS Rome Callistus I (217-22) St. Urban I (222-30) St. Pontian (230-35) St. Anterus (235-36) St. Fabian (236-50) St. Cornelius (251-53) Opposed by Novatian, antipope (251) Died a martyr, through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September St. Lucius I (253-54) St. Stephen I (254-257) Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. St. Sixtus II (257-258) Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity St. Dionysius (260-268) St. Felix I (269-274) St. Eutychian (275-283) St. Caius (283-296) Also called Gaius St. Marcellinus (296-304) St. Marcellus I (308-309) St. Eusebius (309 or 310) St. Miltiades (311-14) St. Sylvester I (314-35) St. Marcus (336) St. Julius I (337-52) Liberius (352-66) Opposed by Felix II, antipope (355-365) St. Damasus I (366-84) Opposed by Ursicinus, antipope (366-367) St. Siricius (384-99) St. Anastasius I (399-401) St. Innocent I (401-17) St. Zosimus (417-18) St. Boniface I (418-22) Opposed by Eulalius, antipope (418-419) St. Celestine I (422-32) St. Sixtus III (432-40) St. Leo I (the Great) (440-61) St. Hilarius (461-68) St. Simplicius (468-83) St. Felix III (II) (483-92) St. Gelasius I (492-96) Anastasius II (496-98) St. Symmachus (498-514) Opposed by Laurentius, antipope (498-501) St. Hormisdas (514-23) Father of Pope Silverius St. John I (523-26) St. Felix IV (III) (526-30) Boniface II (530-32) Opposed by Dioscorus, antipope (530) John II (533-35) St. Agapetus I (535-36) Also called Agapitus St. Silverius (536-37) Exiled; son of Hormisdas Vigilius (537-55) Pelagius I (556-61) John III (561-74) Benedict I (575-79) Pelagius II (579-90) St. Gregory I (the Great) (590-604) Sabinian (604-606) Boniface III (607) St. Boniface IV (608-15) St. Deusdedit (Adeodatus I) (615-18) Boniface V (619-25) Honorius I (625-38) Severinus (640) John IV (640-42) Theodore I (642-49) St. Martin I (649-55) St. Eugene I (655-57) St. Vitalian (657-72) Adeodatus (II) (672-76) Donus (676-78) St. Agatho (678-81) St. Leo II (682-83) St. Benedict II (684-85) John V (685-86) Conon (686-87) St. Sergius I (687-701) Opposed by Theodore and Paschal, antipopes (687) John VI (701-05) John VII (705-07) Sisinnius (708) Constantine (708-15) St. Gregory II (715-31) St. Gregory III (731-41) St. Zachary (741-52) Stephen II followed Zachary, but because he died before being consecrated, modern lists omit him. Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election and was never consecrated into the office as such. Some include his. Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century, but removed 1961. Stephen II (III) (752-57) St. Paul I (757-67) Stephen III (IV) (767-72) Opposed by Constantine II (767) and Philip (768), antipopes (767) Adrian I (772-95) St. Leo III (795-816) Stephen IV (V) (816-17) St. Paschal I (817-24) Eugene II (824-27) Valentine (827) Gregory IV (827-44) Sergius II (844-47) Opposed by John, antipope St. Leo IV (847-55) Benedict III (855-58) Opposed by Anastasius, antipope (855) St. Nicholas I (the Great) (858-67) Adrian II (867-72) John VIII (872-82) Marinus I (882-84) St. Adrian III (884-85) Stephen V (VI) (885-91) Formosus (891-96) Boniface VI (896) Stephen VI (VII) (896-97) Romanus (897) Theodore II (897) John IX (898-900) Benedict IV (900-03) Leo V (903) Opposed by Christopher, antipope (903-904) Sergius III (904-11) Anastasius III (911-13) Lando (913-14) John X (914-28) Leo VI (928) Stephen VIII (929-31) John XI (931-35) Leo VII (936-39) Stephen IX (939-42) Marinus II (942-46) Agapetus II (946-55) John XII (955-63) Leo VIII (963-64) Benedict V (964) John XIII (965-72) Benedict VI (973-74) Deposed Benedict VII (974-83) Benedict and John XIV were opposed by Boniface VII, antipope (974; 984-985) John XIV (983-84) John XV (985-96) Gregory V (996-99) Opposed by John XVI, antipope (997-998) Sylvester II (999-1003) John XVII (1003) John XVIII (1003-09) Sergius IV (1009-12) Benedict VIII (1012-24) Opposed by Gregory, antipope (1012) John XIX (1024-32) Benedict IX (1032-45) He was twice deposed and restored Sylvester III (1045) Validity of election questioned; considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri. Benedict IX (1045) Gregory VI (1045-46) Clement II (1046-47) Benedict IX (1047-48) Damasus II (1048) St. Leo IX (1049-54) Victor II (1055-57) Stephen X (1057-58) Nicholas II (1058-61) Opposed by Benedict X, antipope (1058) Alexander II (1061-73) Opposed by Honorius II, antipope (1061-1072) St. Gregory VII (1073-85) Gregory and the following three popes were opposed by Guibert ("Clement III"), antipope (1080-1100) Blessed Victor III (1086-87) Blessed Urban II (1088-99) Paschal II (1099-1118) Opposed by Theodoric (1100), Aleric (1102) and Maginulf ("Sylvester IV", 1105-1111), antipopes (1100) Gelasius II (1118-19) Opposed by Burdin ("Gregory VIII"), antipope (1118) Callistus II (1119-24) Honorius II (1124-30) Opposed by Celestine II, antipope (1124) Innocent II (1130-43) Opposed by Anacletus II (1130-1138) and Gregory Conti ("Victor IV") (1138), antipopes (1138) Celestine II (1143-44) Lucius II (1144-45) Blessed Eugene III (1145-53) Anastasius IV (1153-54) Adrian IV (1154-59) Alexander III (1159-81) Opposed by Octavius ("Victor IV") (1159-1164), Pascal III (1165-1168), Callistus III (1168-1177) and Innocent III (1178-1180), antipopes Lucius III (1181-85) Urban III (1185-87) Gregory VIII (1187) Clement III (1187-91) Celestine III (1191-98) Innocent III (1198-1216) Honorius III (1216-27) Gregory IX (1227-41) Celestine IV (1241) Died before coronation. Innocent IV (1243-54) Alexander IV (1254-61) Urban IV (1261-64) Clement IV (1265-68) interregnum 29 November 1268 - 1 September 1271 (2 years) Blessed Gregory X (1271-76) Blessed Innocent V (1276) Adrian V (1276) John XXI (1276-77) Kılled in the collapse of his scientific laboratory. Nicholas III (1277-80) Martin IV (1281-85) Honorius IV (1285-87) Nicholas IV (1288-92) St. Celestine V (1294) Boniface VIII (1294-1303) Blessed Benedict XI (1303-04) Clement V (1305-14) John XXII (1316-34) Opposed by Nicholas V, antipope (1328-1330) Benedict XII (1334-42) Clement VI (1342-52) Innocent VI (1352-62) Blessed Urban V (1362-70) Gregory XI (1370-78) Urban VI (1378-89) Opposed by Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII"), antipope (1378-1394) Boniface IX (1389-1404) Opposed by Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII") (1378-1394), Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII") (1394-1417) and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII") (1400-1415), antipopes Innocent VII (1404-06) Opposed by Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII") (1394-1417) and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII") (1400-1415), antipopes Gregory XII (1406-15) Opposed by Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII") (1394-1417), Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII") (1400-1415), and Pietro Philarghi ("Alexander V") (1409-1410), antipopes Martin V (1417-31) Eugene IV (1431-47) Opposed by Amadeus of Savoy ("Felix V"), antipope (1439-1449) Nicholas V (1447-55) Callistus III (1455-58) Pius II (1458-64) Paul II (1464-71) Nephew of Eugene IV Sixtus IV (1471-84) Innocent VIII (1484-92) Alexander VI (1492-1503) Pius III (1503) Julius II (1503-13) Leo X (1513-21) Adrian VI (1522-23) Clement VII (1523-34) Paul III (1534-49) Julius III (1550-55) Marcellus II (1555) Paul IV (1555-59) Pius IV (1559-65) St. Pius V (1566-72) Gregory XIII (1572-85) Sixtus V (1585-90) Urban VII (1590) 12 days reigning pope; died before coronation. Gregory XIV (1590-91) Innocent IX (1591) Clement VIII (1592-1605) Leo XI (1605) Paul V (1605-21) Gregory XV (1621-23) Urban VIII (1623-44) Innocent X (1644-55) Alexander VII (1655-67) Clement IX (1667-69) Clement X (1670-76) Blessed Innocent XI (1676-89) Alexander VIII (1689-91) Innocent XII (1691-1700) Clement XI (1700-21) Innocent XIII (1721-24) Benedict XIII (1724-30) Clement XII (1730-40) Benedict XIV (1740-58) Clement XIII (1758-69) Clement XIV (1769-74) Pius VI (1775-99) Pius VII (1800-23) Leo XII (1823-29) Pius VIII (1829-30) Gregory XVI (1831-46) Blessed Pius IX (1846-78) Leo XIII (1878-1903) St. Pius X (1903-14) Benedict XV (1914-22) Pius XI (1922-39) Pius XII (1939-58) St. John XXIII (1958-63) St. Paul VI (1963-78) Died early into a charismatic reign. John Paul I (1978) St. John Paul II (1978-2005) Benedict XVI (2005-2013) resigned Francis (2013-2025)