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#caliphate #islamic empire #etats cimalsi #muslim rule #historical caliphate #Dar al-Islam

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#caliphate #islamic empire #Dar al-Islam #historical caliphate #muslim state #ummah

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#islamic dynasty #historical caliphate #islamic governance #sharia law

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#islamic golden age #abbasid caliphate #islamic civilization #arts and science #house of wisdom #historical caliphate