🗺️🏛️☪️

#etats cimalsi #Dar al-Islam #islamic territory #caliphate borders #islamic government #ummah

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#caliphate #islamic empire #etats cimalsi #muslim rule #historical caliphate #Dar al-Islam

👑🗺️☪️

#caliph #khalifa #caliphate #islamic empire #muslim territory #Dar al-Islam #crescent

🕌⚔️🗺️

#caliphate #islamic empire #Dar al-Islam #historical caliphate #muslim state #ummah

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#geopolitical border #islamic world map #regional boundary #Dar al-Islam #islamic territory #map line

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#spread of islam #Dar al-Islam #islamic world map #caliphate expansion #muslim trade routes #islamic cartography #ibn battuta