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#tulip mania #economic bubble #dutch golden age #netherlands history

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#duke of alba #fernando alvarez de toledo #spanish nobility #eighty years' war #netherlands history

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#stuiver #historical currency #dutch coin #netherlands history #numismatics

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#tulip #tulip mania #history #economics #bubble #bulbs #netherlands history

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#low countries #benelux history #duchy of lotharingia #holy roman empire #contested region #medieval kingdom #netherlands history

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#tulip mania #netherlands history #dutch tulips #flower bubble #market frenzy #economic history

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#tulip mania #tulip bubble #economic bubble #speculation #dutch tulips #17th century economy #netherlands history

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#dutch guilder #old dutch money #historical currency #netherlands history #past currency

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#House of Orange-Nassau #dutch royalty #netherlands history #oranje #orange lineage